a) If a family has two children, there maybe 4 cases (older - younger): boy-boy, boy-girl, girl-boy, girl-girl. The last 2 of these 4 cases obviously can not happen. Thus, we are interested in one of the two remaining variants. Its probability is 1/2.
b) If a family has two children, there maybe 4 cases (older - younger): boy-boy, boy-girl, girl-boy, girl-girl. The last one of these 4 cases obviously can not happen. Thus, we are interested in one of the three remaining variants. Its probability is 1/3.
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