Answer to Question #12381 in Atomic and Nuclear Physics for prince

Question

what is atom?

Answer 1

The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively chargedelectrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons(except in the case of hydrogen-1, which is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons). The electrons of an atom are bound to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force. Likewise, a group of atoms can remain bound to each other, forming a molecule. An atom containing an equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral, otherwise it has a positive charge if there are fewer electrons (electron deficiency) or negative charge if there are more electrons (electron excess). A positively or negatively charged atom is known as an ion. An atom is classified according to the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus: the number of protons determines the chemical element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element.