Observed price is the price, that is collected or reported for a sampled product or item. We may predict one price, for example, we can predict, that apples will cost $2 per kilogram next month, but measure (or observe) another, for example, $2.3 per kilogram. There may be many reasons, why the observed price is higher than the predicted, for example, the change in predicted weather, the development of production technology etc.
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