Answer to Question #286198 in Organic Chemistry for Gio bascalli

Question

• Isomerism and carbonyl compounds

write the equation for the reaction of 2,3 dimethylbutanoyl chloride with ammonia?

write the equation for the reaction between Ethan pic hydride and water?

• Topic:Aromatic compounds and amines

explain why it is difficult for benzene to readily undergo addition reactions?

indicate the main organic products of the following reactions:

i) benzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid

ii) benzene with propane in the presence of aluminium chloride and hydrogen chloride

Question 2

explain why phenylamine is a weaker base than ethylamine?

Describe an appropriate use for each of these techniques in aromatic chemistry:

i) nitration of benzene

ii) preparation of phenylamine

iii) preparation of ethylbenzene

Answer 1

Ans question 2-

The availability of a lone pair of electrons on a base determines its strength as it is these electrons that will "mop up" H+ ions in solution and hence increase pH towards more alkaline conditions. Therefore, phenylamine is a weaker base than ethylamine because its lone pair is less available.

i) Nitration is used to add nitrogen to a benzene ring, which can be used further in substitution reactions. Because sulfonation is a reversible reaction, it can also be used in further substitution reactions in the form of a directing blocking group because it can be easily removed

ii) Nitrobenzene is reduced to phenylammonium ions using a mixture of tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture is heated under reflux in a boiling water bath for about half an hour. Under the acidic conditions, rather than getting phenylamine directly, you instead get phenylammonium ions formed

iii) Ethylbenzene is used primarily to make another chemical, styrene. Other uses include as a solvent, in fuels, and to make other chemicals.