Answer to Question #5534 in Macroeconomics for douglas walker

1. increase in money supply causes increase in aggregate demand and
- in short run: equilibrium price rises from P0 to P1, output also rises from Q0 to Q1 and becomes above potential level (Q0), causing inflationary gap;

- in long run: because of inflationary gap and above level of output goes down from Q1 (long-run level) to Q0, prices goes up from P1 to P2, so we have new equilibrium (P2; Q0).

2. increase in price of oil causes increase of production costs. So aggregate supply:
- in short run: decrease and output also decreases from Q0 to Q1, price increases from P0 to P1, but general output is under its potential level;

- in long run: output goes back to its potential level – increases from Q1 to Q0, price increases from P1 to P2, so we have general increase in prices because of increase in oil price.