Answer to Question #26292 in Inorganic Chemistry for waqas aijaz

Question #26292
define scale and how it removes from boiler?
1
Expert's answer
2013-03-13T04:10:48-0400
Scale is deposits from silica and other contaminants in boiler water that form on the internal surfaces of heat-absorbing components, increase metal temperatures, and result in eventual failure of the pressure parts because of overheating. It could be removed by some detergents. A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions." These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxyl (of soap) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water. In most household contexts, the term detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent or dish detergent, as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents. Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions. Detergents, like soaps, work because they are amphiphilic: partly hydrophilic (polar) and partly hydrophobic (non-polar). Their dual nature facilitates the mixture of hydrophobic compounds (like oil and grease) with water. Because air is not hydrophilic, detergents are also foaming agents to varying degrees.

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